A Question Of Vaccinization - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1601 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Topics: Vaccines Essay Did you like this example? Introduction: MEMORIZED Attention getter: At the beginning of the 20th century, the most serious threat to human life and well-being was infectious disease. Outbreaks of diseases such as diphtheria and pertussis were common, and mortality was significant; 160 of every 1000 children born at the turn of the century died of an infectious disease before the age of 5 stated Ellenberg, author for the Journal of the U.S. Public Health Service. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Question Of Vaccinization" essay for you Create order And currently the childrens hospital of Philadelphia, author of History of Vaccines, states that Each year, about 85 percent of the worlds children receive vaccines that protect them against tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles. These vaccines save about 2.5 million lives. Despite this success, more than 3 million people die from vaccine-preventable diseases each year. Slope: What are vaccines? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vaccines protect children by working with their bodys natural defenses. They reduce a persons risk of infection by working with the bodys natural defenses to help a person safely develop immunity to disease. (HYPOPHORA) THESIS: Parents must be required to vaccinate their children in order to protect them, as well as the public, from dangerous epidemics. This will doubtlessly diminish the danger(ALLITERATION)   of life-threatening diseases from reappearing across the country. Body Reason #1 We should require parents to vaccinate their children, as well as themselves, because vaccines protect each individual from getting infectious diseases and save lives. EVIDENCE According to Ventola, a medical writer for Pharmacy and Therapeutics journal, (ETHOS) The incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of many communicable diseases have significantly decreased in Western countries largely because of national immunization strategies aimed at infants and children. It has been estimated that for each U.S. birth cohort receiving recommended childhood immunizations, around 20 million illnesses and more than 40,000 deaths are prevented Explain: This displays how effective it is for children to be vaccinated. The more people who are vaccinated, the more people will be immune to diseases, and the more people in our country will be safe from these diseases returning in the future.(ANAPHORA) In addition, many of the available vaccines were created to prevent very dangerous and even deadly diseases, diseases that can be especially harmful to infants and young children.(ANADIPLOSIS) Because of this, the CDC also states that vaccination is one of the best ways parents can protect their children from 14 diseases before the age of two. Vaccines are especially important due to their ability to imitate infections, triggering our immune systems to develop antibodies that work to fight diseases. These antibodies prepare our bodies to quickly and safely fight epidemics if we get infected. Also, Polio, diphtheria, smallpox, measles and whooping cough are a few of the illnesses that have been exterminated in the U.S. due to immunization programs. According to Wendel, author for the Tribune News Service, The Centers for Disease control estimates that nearly 750,000 American children were saved from 1994 to 2014 because of vaccines. Clearly vaccines are very effective when it comes to protecting children. Vaccines protect and save and enhance our lives.   (POLYSYNDETON) Reason #2 We should require vaccines because not only do they protect oneself from infectious diseases, but they also protect the community from these diseases. EVIDENCE   Even though many diseases may be rare in the US, they still occur in other countries around the world. They still are out there.(ANAPHORA) Because we live in a world where global travel is common, it is possible that these diseases, once eradicated in the US. An example of this occurred in 2015. A large scale, multistage outbreak of measles occurred that was thought to originate with an overseas traveler who visited Disneyland in California. The majority of those who contracted measles, which had been eliminated in the US since 2000, were unvaccinated. Stories like this emphasize the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates in the US. It is important to understand the benefits vaccines provide a community. According to Ventola, when a large population is immunized, unvaccinated individuals benefit from ?herd immunity, which is a reduced risk of exposure to pathogens. By requiring vaccines to be administered, those who cannot receive vaccinations due to medical or other compli cations such as compromised immune system, will be protected. How would you feel if a young child became seriously ill with a disease because they were too young or had a medical condition that they were not able to receive the vaccination?(RHETORICAL QUESTION) What if you and your community could have received this vaccine and prevented it from spreading to this child?(Appeal to Pathos) Ventola also stated, [parents who consciously choose not to vaccinated their children] has caused a resurgence of may infectious diseases due to the loss of herd immunity Parents choosing to claim exemptions from vaccination requirements puts our communities at increased risks. Ventola asserts 1% to 3% of children are excused from immunizations for medical reasons, religious grounds, and philosophical objections. In some communities she acknowledges exemption rates can be as high as 20%! However, even low exemption rates puts our children and communities at a higher risk. Not getting vaccinated puts not only yourself at risk, but also others in your community who may be defenseless against the disease at no choice of their own(PATHOS). Would you want to be the one responsible for causing another persons illness if you knew it could have been prevented by getting a vaccination? Probably not (Hypophora).If the majority of people in the U.S. arent vaccinated, and infectious diseases sp read too quickly, thousands of people will die, and the world will suffer greatly. Therefore everyone needs to be vaccinated to protect our world. (APPEAL TO FEAR) Counterargument: Some people say that vaccines are not safe, contain harmful ingredients, and may even cause a person to get sick. EVIDENCE According to Tim Wendel, Some parents are convinced that the side effects are so serious that they refuse to have their children vaccinated. They are ignoring the science and the stories of families who once prayed that a specific remedy would be available for public use. Vaccines are in fact safe and this has been proven by major medical organizations. Parents need to stop worrying about what the vaccine vial contains, and more about what they are protecting their child from. Why do people disagree with vaccines you ask? Well, people may think that vaccines are the reason that people develop illness.(HYPOPHORA) Vaccines may cause a person to have minor symptoms such as a fever, but these symptoms are very common and should be expected. They are not nearly as bad as symptoms you would receive from the disease the vaccine prevents. And is a very common thing to occur as their body builds immunity. In addition, it was a very popular opinion for people during the 20th century to believe that vaccines were the cause of autism in children. Autism rates in developing countries had been rising in the past few decades, there is no evidence that vaccines were the cause. According to the History of Vaccines, Beginning in the 1990s, our understanding of the spectrum of autism has expanded greatly, and now individuals who would most likely previously not have been thought of as having autism may be classified with one of a variety of ASDs. Could it be possible that autism was in fact more easily diagnosable as medical technology advanced? And that this happened during the same time period as vaccines took off? (RHETORICAL QUESTIONS) The History of Autism again states, Vaccines have perhaps receive more scrutiny than any other speculated cause of ASD, and the great majority of scientists, physicians, and public health researchers have come to the conclusion that there is no association between vaccines and autism. And lastly, according to the CDC, safety monitoring begins with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), who ensures the safety, effectiveness, and availability of vaccines for the United States. Before the FDA approves a vaccine for use by the public, highly trained FDA scientists and doctors evaluate the results of studies on the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, therefore we know that vaccines are safe and can be trusted.   Conclusion  Ã‚   MEMORIZED Restate Thesis: As you can see, parents must vaccinate their children. This will presumably eliminate the possibility of life-threatening diseases from reappearing across the country. This will help protect children and adults from various diseases, saving thousands of lives. Summarize main ideas: Parents should be required to vaccinate their children, as well as themselves, because vaccines protect each individual as well as the community.  Ã‚   And although some people say that vaccines are not safe, contain harmful ingredients, and may even cause a person to get sick, there is no evidence to support this suspicion. Profound statement/call to action: Dont sit back, help protect yourself and others for dangerous diseases. Give vaccines a shot! (ZEUGMA) Works Cited Ellenberg, Susan S., and Robert T. Chen. The Complicated Task of Monitoring Vaccine Safety. Public health reports, 1997, pp. 10-21. SIRS Issues Researcher, https://sks.sirs.com. Global Immunization: Worldwide Disease Incidence | Childrens Hospital Of Philadelphia. Chop.Edu, 2018,https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center/global-immunization/diseases-and-vaccines-world-view. Parents | Making The Vaccine Decision | CDC. Cdc.Gov, 2018, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/vaccine-decision/index.html. Ventola, C Lee. Immunization in the United States: Recommendations, Barriers, and Measures to Improve Compliance: Part 1: Childhood Vaccinations P T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management vol. 41,7 (2016): 426-36. Wendel, Tim. Pro: Evidence Favoring Vaccination is Overwhelming. TCA News Service, 29 Mar. 2018. SIRS Issues Researcher,https://sks.sirs.com. Do Vaccines Cause Autism? | History Of Vaccines. Historyofvaccines.Org, 2016, https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/do-vaccines-cause-autism

Understanding the Concepts of Teambuilding and Communication Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Instead of searching for a person with inborn leadership qualities, behavioral theory affirms that a person can be made a leader through teaching and practices. This concept is completely opposite of trait theory. This theory helps the firms to focus on the development of the leaders through continuous teaching. The most important is to identify the factors that could lead to success as well as failure. The theory of behavior learned over the years, within certain limits imposed by the personality of the individual, each person has the ability to cultivate habits of behavior, maximizing its impact on staff. Constructive habits of politeness, self-control, bilateral communication, delegation and interest vis- -vis the problems of others can be learned and practiced, if we have the will. The most important contribution to the theory of behavior is, however, the development of a classification of behaviors of which provides leadership to an official analysis tool with which he can know ingly and intelligently develop a personal style of leadership that allows him to succeed. Relationship theories are also called transformational theories which consider the factor of connection between the team members and their leader as the principle factor success. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Concepts of Teambuilding and Communication or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page It has become exceptionally crucial for the government to formulate strategies regarding stress management in the economy of the United States. Stress is directly related to the quality of the relationships between people.

Do Metaphors Really Matter - 1208 Words

Do metaphors really matter? : An analysis of the use of metaphors in rhetoric Introduction Josà © Ortega y Gasset, a renowned philosopher once wrote: â€Å"The metaphor is probably the most fertile power possessed by man†. Metaphors form a pervasive part of rhetoric, because they have a great influence of our cognitive process. (Pauley, 2014) The use of metaphors in rhetoric is very common; as metaphors have the power to make people act despite the ideologies that are being put forth. In this essay, the effectiveness of metaphors in an instance of rhetoric will be examined, as well as the implications that come as a consequence of utilizing metaphors in an instance of rhetoric. The instance of rhetoric that will be used in this particular case†¦show more content†¦(Hobbes, 2008) His proposal to end such a horrid state of nature is to make a third party the sovereign authority over all men. This third party is what is known as the Leviathan. He argues that when men give up their individual freedom in a social contract, then the Leviathan will be the autho ritative figure of the society. The Leviathan, whose body is made up of the individuals that are part of the social contract, must have enough power and inspire enough awe that it replaces the fear that men previously had for violent death, so that they uphold their end of the covenant. It’s almost like a trade-off, where men trade in their fear of violent death for the fear of the Commonwealth Leviathan. If the Leviathan were not fearful, there would be no way of ensuring that other people would uphold their end of the bargain. It is by no means fortuitous that, Hobbes uses the metaphor of a feared Leviathan to highlight his views of an ideal ‘state of nature.’ The Leviathan was not just a representation of his ideologies, but also a representation of the period in time in which he was writing, which was one of excessive conflict and strife. â€Å"Hobbes’ intentions behind his continual biblical references were influenced by the ongoing

Another form of therapy Essay Example For Students

Another form of therapy Essay The play one flew over the cuckoos nest is set in the 1950s. In the 1950s the treatment and care for those who were mentally ill was not at its best, possibly at an all time low. There were a huge number of the old style mental hospitals that were still applying treatment such as shock therapy, psychotropic drugs and lobotomies. Community care was bought in but it failed to come into many of the hospitals, and the long-term patients were mistreated and undermined. However, the abuse of these patients did not go unnoticed. The government started to make small steps in an effort to help, particularly in 1953 when the government set aside millions to help refurbish the homes that the patients lived in, and they did it again in 1954-1957 when the government reconsidered and changed the laws on how mentally ill should be treated and viewed, but few actually made any change. By bringing out this play the audience had a chance to identify with McMurphy and it gave the audience a unique look into the terrible things that happened behind the closed doors of the institutions. When people watched this play and saw the hospitals through a patients (McMurphy) eyes, their views were influenced by the themes and dramatic devices used in this play. One of the major themes in this play is power. As soon as McMurphy is introduced onto the ward, we see his power by over throwing Harding well, you tell bull goose loony Harding that R. P McMurphy is waitin to see him and this nut-house aint big enough for the two of us. McMurphy looks to control the patients and have them all look up to him; however the only person that the patients are influenced by is Nurse Ratchet. This immediately causes a divide between the two characters as we see their personalities will determine a clash. Throughout the play McMurphys character grows in understanding of the how wrong the institutions are, and he eventually uses his power repeatedly to overthrow Nurse Ratchet in an attempt to save the other patients on the ward, we even see him pretending to be insane by watching a TV that isnt even on, just so that he can triumph over Nurse Ratchet. We also see chief Bromdens silent power, at the end of act 1 of one flew over the cuckoos nest. His power is shown by using dramatic devices such as asides and lighting rather than a spotlight part in the play. A single shaft of light is shone onto the seemingly meaningless character of Chief Bromden, while all the other characters fade out. In the play McMurphy symbolises the audiences feelings and hopefully how they would react against the cruelty of the patients lives an institutionalised miserable routine. One of the most impacting themes of this play is institutionalisation. The patients that live in the mental institute have all their rights taken away from them and any chance to have independence. Nurse Ratchet takes away their independence completely destroys their chance of going back into society. She appears to think that because the patients have a mental illness they cant do anything for themselves. Warren, you might start by getting poor Mr. Bromden shaved as head nurse, Nurse Ratchet should interact with patients and do everything in her power that theyre in a mental institution, but she looks down on the patients, undermining and breaking them down every chance she gets. McMurphy notices this, and in his first therapy circle and tries to say something to Harding about it, say buddy, is this the way these leetle meeting usually go? Bunch of chickens at a pecking party? he sees how Nurse Ratchet picks at the patients opening wounds for the others to dive in and take advantage of, but he cant understand why patients like Harding stand being bullied. Harding definitely stands by Nurse Ratchet and he argues with McMurphy until the saddening realisation becomes reality and he breaks down. Out miss Ratchet is the kindest, sweetest the most benevolent women I have that I have ever .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .postImageUrl , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:hover , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:visited , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:active { border:0!important; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:active , .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212 .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c7e6c614abb46b4f3bcb245a4698212:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bird Imagery In Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man EssayOh the bitch, bitch. This display of emotions shows the effect of institutionalisation on even the boldest and strongest of characters, their own morals and principles are taken away and replaced by a routine. The height of institutionalisation is shocking as we see the silliest rules being put into place, such as they are not allowed to brush their teeth when they want to we dont open that cabinet till six forty-five. The influence Nurse Ratchet and this routine have on them is unbelievable, they no longer think for themselves and the second Nurse Ratchet calls them, they are at her feet, like trained dogs. We see this symbolised when they are playing a game of cards. Nurse Ratchet calls over the loud speaker that there is a group meeting and like programmed robots in the middle of the game of cards, they get up and move the tables aside, they carry their chairs across the room while McMurphy sits angry and confused. In this part of the play, the play makes us identify with McMurphy through an emotional bond that slowly develops between the audience and McMurphy. The audience sympathises in this instant and can feel his anger at the treatment that these patients are given, and how blind they are to it. The play uses dramatic devices such as the electric box to symbolise freedom and how McMurphy strives for it. As he fails to pick up the box and free the patients his pain can be felt in the words, at least I tried goddamit, at least I tried as we see that McMurphy is truly trying to help these patients and give them a reason to fight against the cruelty they are suffering. Another theme repeatedly raised in this play is rebellion. Using rebellion McMurphy was laying down his life on the line for these other patients, though he did not know it, and the patients began to look at him in awe. McMurphys death is used as a dramatic device because the audience sees his will to rebel through betting and fighting followed by his attempt to conform when he believes he might lose something himself. But in the end his heart overrides his selfishness and he gives all he can to save the ward, even his life. Seeing this show of compassion makes the audience identify with McMurphy because his decision to give his life wasnt as we would expect. This decision seems to give McMurphy a whole different level; he is the wards saviour, and to the audience evens maybe a hero. Throughout this play we see McMurphy symbolising Jesus. We also see McMurphy refer to himself as Jesus now I see why you are looking at me like Jesus Q Christ. One of the times he used Jesus was when we saw that Ruckly, he lives his life crucified after his lobotomy he wont move until you pull out the nails, perhaps this forewarning McMurphys almost predictable future. He again represents Jesus before having shock treatment do I get a crown of thorns. He even represents Jesus in death, as he is dead inside after his lobotomy treatment, which reflects Jesus being crucified and dying, therefore overthrowing Nurse Ratchet so he doesnt have to live under her power, which reflects Jesus rising from the dead and rescuing man kind from their sins. Each time McMurphy rebels, something that should be treated as treatment according to the institute, Nurse Ratchet treats as punishment and punishes him. This also brings up the theme of treatment vs. punishment, whether the patients are being treated or punished for the illnesses they have. There is a fine line that can be drawn between treatment and punishment but are the institutes going over this thin line in forms of treatments to punishments? Another one of the themes that is raised in this play is human rights. The mental institute is a place where all the human rights and equalities are stripped, all the nurses are women, all the helpers are black and the mentally ill are imprisoned from society and punished instead of treated. I have observed a definite deterioration of discipline since he arrived. Perhaps another form of therapy .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .postImageUrl , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:hover , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:visited , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:active { border:0!important; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:active , .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499 .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47ed90bf5ef70f2cff59ea38edb9c499:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Level English Literature EssayAgain we see Nurse Ratchet attempting to punish rather than treat. We also see how Nurse Ratchet takes their freedom of speech if you wish to speak you must first be recognised and Nurse Ratchet bullies them into saying things and the audience can identify with Nurse Ratchet because people have come across bullying once or twice in their lifetime. By rebelling against Nurse Ratchet, McMurphy is the person who stands up to the bully (Nurse Ratchet), and the audience can identify with McMurphy because they might look up to him as if they were a child in a school play ground. This play made me identify with McMurphy because I could see everything from the point of view from a person that is inside a mental institution. I could see these patients from a same level of perspective as McMurphy; because he is sane, and that means I can relate to the patients therefore allowing me to see the world through their eyes. This play put the scale of institutionalisation in to perspective for me and maybe the rest of the audience, because it put you inside the play using McMurphy.